{"id":9208,"date":"2023-12-24T14:50:48","date_gmt":"2023-12-24T14:50:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/?p=9208"},"modified":"2023-12-24T14:50:48","modified_gmt":"2023-12-24T14:50:48","slug":"the-tantalizing-mystery-of-the-solar-systems-hidden-oceans","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/?p=9208","title":{"rendered":"The Tantalizing Mystery of the Solar System\u2019s Hidden Oceans"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p class=\"paywall\">And yet, defiantly, these alien seas remain liquid.<\/p>\n<p>A Mirror-Wrapped Ocean<\/p>\n<p class=\"paywall\">Scientists suspect that a handful of moons orbiting Jupiter and Saturn\u2014and maybe even some spinning around Uranus and Neptune\u2014harbor oceans. Hefty Ganymede and crater-scarred Callisto produce weak, Europa-like magnetic signals. Saturn\u2019s haze-covered Titan, too, very probably has a liquid-water subsurface ocean. These \u201care the five that most scientists in the community feel pretty confidently about,\u201d said <a data-offer-url=\"https:\/\/www.eaps.purdue.edu\/people\/profile\/msori.html\" class=\"external-link\" data-event-click=\"{&quot;element&quot;:&quot;ExternalLink&quot;,&quot;outgoingURL&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.eaps.purdue.edu\/people\/profile\/msori.html&quot;}\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eaps.purdue.edu\/people\/profile\/msori.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Mike Sori<\/a>, a planetary scientist at Purdue University.<\/p>\n<div class=\"GenericCalloutWrapper-tojWn iYblVH callout--has-top-border\" data-testid=\"GenericCallout\">\n<figure class=\"AssetEmbedWrapper-eVDQiB byBkf asset-embed\">\n<div class=\"AssetEmbedAssetContainer-eJxoAx dBHGoQ asset-embed__asset-container\"><span class=\"SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB responsive-asset AssetEmbedResponsiveAsset-cXBNxi eCxVQK asset-embed__responsive-asset\"><picture class=\"ResponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa AssetEmbedResponsiveAsset-cXBNxi eCxVQK asset-embed__responsive-asset responsive-image\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Margaret Kivelson\" class=\"ResponsiveImageContainer-eybHBd fptoWY responsive-image__image lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\/\/media.wired.com\/photos\/65830834311a5a5bef756b2b\/master\/w_1600%2Cc_limit\/MargaretKivelson-CourtesyofMargaretKivelson%2520copy.jpg\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/media.wired.com\/photos\/65830834311a5a5bef756b2b\/master\/w_120,c_limit\/MargaretKivelson-CourtesyofMargaretKivelson%20copy.jpg 120w, https:\/\/media.wired.com\/photos\/65830834311a5a5bef756b2b\/master\/w_240,c_limit\/MargaretKivelson-CourtesyofMargaretKivelson%20copy.jpg 240w, https:\/\/media.wired.com\/photos\/65830834311a5a5bef756b2b\/master\/w_320,c_limit\/MargaretKivelson-CourtesyofMargaretKivelson%20copy.jpg 320w, https:\/\/media.wired.com\/photos\/65830834311a5a5bef756b2b\/master\/w_640,c_limit\/MargaretKivelson-CourtesyofMargaretKivelson%20copy.jpg 640w, https:\/\/media.wired.com\/photos\/65830834311a5a5bef756b2b\/master\/w_960,c_limit\/MargaretKivelson-CourtesyofMargaretKivelson%20copy.jpg 960w, https:\/\/media.wired.com\/photos\/65830834311a5a5bef756b2b\/master\/w_1280,c_limit\/MargaretKivelson-CourtesyofMargaretKivelson%20copy.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/media.wired.com\/photos\/65830834311a5a5bef756b2b\/master\/w_1600,c_limit\/MargaretKivelson-CourtesyofMargaretKivelson%20copy.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"100vw\"\/><\/noscript><\/picture><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"CaptionWrapper-jSZdqE kJoQGV caption AssetEmbedCaption-fNQBPI dDrfgT asset-embed__caption\"><span class=\"BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ CaptionText-bHjzlu iUEiRd cDlTYw iXWezO caption__text\"><\/p>\n<p>With her colleagues, Margaret Kivelson, a space physicist at UCLA, determined that a global ocean is likely hiding beneath Europa\u2019s surface.<\/p>\n<p><\/span><span class=\"BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ CaptionCredit-ejegDm iUEiRd iggRJP fNaHcW caption__credit\">Courtesy of Margaret Kivelson<\/span><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"paywall\">So far, the only absolute oceanic certainty is Enceladus. \u201cThat\u2019s a no-brainer,\u201d said <a data-offer-url=\"https:\/\/www.physics.ox.ac.uk\/our-people\/howett\" class=\"external-link\" data-event-click=\"{&quot;element&quot;:&quot;ExternalLink&quot;,&quot;outgoingURL&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.physics.ox.ac.uk\/our-people\/howett&quot;}\" href=\"https:\/\/www.physics.ox.ac.uk\/our-people\/howett\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Carly Howett<\/a>, a planetary scientist at the University of Oxford.<\/p>\n<p class=\"paywall\">In the 1980s, some scientists suspected Enceladus had plumes; Saturn\u2019s E ring was so clean and shiny that something\u2014perhaps from one of its moons\u2014must be leaking into space and constantly refreshing it. After Cassini finally witnessed that planet-garnishing magic in action, scientists briefly questioned whether the moon\u2019s south-polar plumes might be the work of sunlight vaporizing ice in the moon\u2019s shell\u2014a bit like dry ice boiling away when heated, perhaps by sunlight.<\/p>\n<p class=\"paywall\">\u201cFor a while, there was this argument about whether there needed to be an ocean at all,\u201d Nimmo said. \u201cWhat really nailed that was when [Cassini] flew through the plume and they found salt\u2014sodium chloride. That\u2019s an ocean.\u201d There was still a chance that these plumes could be erupting from a smaller, more isolated sea. But further Cassini observations revealed that Enceladus\u2019 shell is rocking back and forth so acutely that it must be separated from the moon\u2019s deeper interior by a global ocean.<\/p>\n<p class=\"paywall\">The plumes also pump out hydrogen and quartz, signs of deep-sea hydrothermal vent activity, said <a data-offer-url=\"https:\/\/www.geo.fu-berlin.de\/en\/geol\/fachrichtungen\/planet\/staff\/professors\/postberg\/index.html#:~:text=Interstellar%20dust%20particles%20can%20be,prepared%20for%20launch%20in%202024.\" class=\"external-link\" data-event-click=\"{&quot;element&quot;:&quot;ExternalLink&quot;,&quot;outgoingURL&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.geo.fu-berlin.de\/en\/geol\/fachrichtungen\/planet\/staff\/professors\/postberg\/index.html#:~:text=Interstellar%20dust%20particles%20can%20be,prepared%20for%20launch%20in%202024.&quot;}\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geo.fu-berlin.de\/en\/geol\/fachrichtungen\/planet\/staff\/professors\/postberg\/index.html#:~:text=Interstellar%20dust%20particles%20can%20be,prepared%20for%20launch%20in%202024.\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Frank Postberg<\/a>, a planetary scientist at the Free University of Berlin. On Earth, such vents produce the heat and chemistry needed to power ecosystems that exist beyond the reach of sunlight\u2014communities of organisms that scientists once thought could not exist in our photosynthetically dependent world.<\/p>\n<p class=\"paywall\">But what could be powering a vent system strong enough to heat an entire ocean? Another moon\u2014this one of the fiery variety\u2014would provide those clues.<\/p>\n<p>The Eternal, Infernal Tides<\/p>\n<p class=\"paywall\">In June 1979, a month before Voyager 2\u2019s close flyby of Europa, scientists <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.204.4396.972.a\">announced<\/a> that Voyager 1 had glimpsed titanic, umbrella-shaped plumes billowing into space above Io\u2014the eruptive fingerprints of several volcanoes.<\/p>\n<p class=\"paywall\">This observation should have been baffling: Volcanism requires an internal heat source, and Io, like the other icy moons, should have been nothing more than embers. But a few months earlier, an independent team of scientists had correctly <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.203.4383.892\">predicted<\/a> that Io might be a hyperactive volcanic world.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>And yet, defiantly, these alien seas remain liquid. A Mirror-Wrapped Ocean Scientists suspect that a handful of moons orbiting Jupiter and Saturn\u2014and maybe even some spinning around Uranus and Neptune\u2014harbor oceans. Hefty Ganymede and crater-scarred Callisto produce weak, Europa-like magnetic signals. Saturn\u2019s haze-covered Titan, too, very probably has a liquid-water subsurface ocean. These \u201care the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":221,"featured_media":9209,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[703],"tags":[1034,1036,914,1035,1032,1033],"class_list":["post-9208","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technology","tag-jupiter","tag-oceans","tag-quanta-magazine","tag-saturn","tag-space","tag-space-exploration"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Tantalizing Mystery of the Solar System\u2019s Hidden Oceans | Unlock Informed Choices with Us<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The moons orbiting Jupiter and Saturn appear to have subsurface oceans which could support life beyond Earth. 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Andrews","author_link":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/?author=221"},"uagb_comment_info":151,"uagb_excerpt":"And yet, defiantly, these alien seas remain liquid. A Mirror-Wrapped Ocean Scientists suspect that a handful of moons orbiting Jupiter and Saturn\u2014and maybe even some spinning around Uranus and Neptune\u2014harbor oceans. Hefty Ganymede and crater-scarred Callisto produce weak, Europa-like magnetic signals. Saturn\u2019s haze-covered Titan, too, very probably has a liquid-water subsurface ocean. These \u201care the&hellip;","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9208","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/221"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9208"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9208\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9209"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9208"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9208"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9208"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}