{"id":8985,"date":"2023-12-03T20:35:48","date_gmt":"2023-12-03T20:35:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/?p=8985"},"modified":"2023-12-03T20:35:48","modified_gmt":"2023-12-03T20:35:48","slug":"an-invisible-demon-lurks-in-an-odd-superconductor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/?p=8985","title":{"rendered":"An Invisible \u2018Demon\u2019 Lurks in an Odd Superconductor"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p class=\"paywall\">A few years ago, the researchers decided to put a superconducting metal called strontium ruthenate in their crosshairs. Its structure is similar to that of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/high-temperature-superconductivity-understood-at-last-20220921\/\">mysterious class<\/a> of copper-based \u201ccuprate\u201d superconductors, but it can be manufactured in a more pristine way. While the team didn\u2019t learn the secrets of the cuprates, the material responded in a way that Ali Husain, who had refined the technique as part of his doctorate, didn\u2019t understand.<\/p>\n<p>Husain found that ricocheting electrons were sapped of their energy and momentum, which indicated that they were setting off energy-draining ripples in the strontium ruthenate. But the waves defied his expectations: They moved 100 times too quickly to be sound waves (which ripple through atomic nuclei) and 1,000 times too slowly to be charge waves spreading across the flat surface of the metal. They were also extremely low in energy.<\/p>\n<p class=\"paywall\">\u201cI thought it must be an artifact,\u201d Husain said. So he put in other samples, tried other voltages, and even had different people take the measurements.<\/p>\n<div class=\"GenericCalloutWrapper-tojWn lgROjj callout--has-top-border\" data-testid=\"GenericCallout\">\n<figure class=\"AssetEmbedWrapper-eVDQiB byBkf asset-embed\">\n<div class=\"AssetEmbedAssetContainer-eJxoAx dBHGoQ asset-embed__asset-container\"><span class=\"SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB responsive-asset AssetEmbedResponsiveAsset-cXBNxi eCxVQK asset-embed__responsive-asset\"><picture class=\"ResponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa AssetEmbedResponsiveAsset-cXBNxi eCxVQK asset-embed__responsive-asset responsive-image\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ali Husain\" class=\"ResponsiveImageContainer-eybHBd fptoWY responsive-image__image lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\/\/media.wired.com\/photos\/656a1829f21d7c82b4fdbe7d\/master\/w_1600%2Cc_limit\/quanta-AliHusain-ByMatteoMitrano-2-1396x1720-copy.jpg\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/media.wired.com\/photos\/656a1829f21d7c82b4fdbe7d\/master\/w_120,c_limit\/quanta-AliHusain-ByMatteoMitrano-2-1396x1720-copy.jpg 120w, https:\/\/media.wired.com\/photos\/656a1829f21d7c82b4fdbe7d\/master\/w_240,c_limit\/quanta-AliHusain-ByMatteoMitrano-2-1396x1720-copy.jpg 240w, https:\/\/media.wired.com\/photos\/656a1829f21d7c82b4fdbe7d\/master\/w_320,c_limit\/quanta-AliHusain-ByMatteoMitrano-2-1396x1720-copy.jpg 320w, https:\/\/media.wired.com\/photos\/656a1829f21d7c82b4fdbe7d\/master\/w_640,c_limit\/quanta-AliHusain-ByMatteoMitrano-2-1396x1720-copy.jpg 640w, https:\/\/media.wired.com\/photos\/656a1829f21d7c82b4fdbe7d\/master\/w_960,c_limit\/quanta-AliHusain-ByMatteoMitrano-2-1396x1720-copy.jpg 960w, https:\/\/media.wired.com\/photos\/656a1829f21d7c82b4fdbe7d\/master\/w_1280,c_limit\/quanta-AliHusain-ByMatteoMitrano-2-1396x1720-copy.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/media.wired.com\/photos\/656a1829f21d7c82b4fdbe7d\/master\/w_1600,c_limit\/quanta-AliHusain-ByMatteoMitrano-2-1396x1720-copy.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"100vw\"\/><\/noscript><\/picture><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ CaptionText-bHjzlu iUEiRd cDlTYw iXWezO caption__text\">Ali Husain developed a way to precisely measure the energies and paths of ricocheting electrons; these observations revealed demon modes in strontium ruthenate.<\/span><span class=\"BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ CaptionCredit-ejegDm iUEiRd iggRJP fNaHcW caption__credit\">Photograph: Matteo Mitrano<\/span><\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"paywall\">The unidentified vibrations remained. After doing the math, the group realized that the energies and momentums of the ripples fit closely with Pines\u2019 theory. The group knew that in strontium ruthenate, electrons travel from atom to atom using one of three distinct channels. The team concluded that in two of these channels, the electrons were syncing up to neutralize each other\u2019s motion, playing the roles of the \u201cheavy\u201d and \u201clight\u201d electrons in Pines\u2019 original analysis. They had found a metal with the ability to host Pines\u2019 demon.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s stable in strontium ruthenate,\u201d Abbamonte said. \u201cIt\u2019s always there.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"paywall\">The ripples don\u2019t perfectly match Pines\u2019 calculations. And Abbamonte and his colleagues can\u2019t guarantee they aren\u2019t seeing a different, more complicated vibration. But overall, other researchers say, the group makes a strong case that Pines\u2019 demon has been caught.<\/p>\n<p class=\"paywall\">\u201cThey have done all the good-faith checks that they can do,\u201d said <a data-offer-url=\"https:\/\/umdphysics.umd.edu\/people\/faculty\/current\/item\/114-dassarma.html\" class=\"external-link\" data-event-click=\"{&quot;element&quot;:&quot;ExternalLink&quot;,&quot;outgoingURL&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/umdphysics.umd.edu\/people\/faculty\/current\/item\/114-dassarma.html&quot;}\" href=\"https:\/\/umdphysics.umd.edu\/people\/faculty\/current\/item\/114-dassarma.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Sankar Das Sarma<\/a>, a condensed matter theorist at the University of Maryland who has done <a data-offer-url=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prb\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevB.23.805\" class=\"external-link\" data-event-click=\"{&quot;element&quot;:&quot;ExternalLink&quot;,&quot;outgoingURL&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prb\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevB.23.805&quot;}\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prb\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevB.23.805\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">pioneering work<\/a> on demon vibrations.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Demons Unleashed<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"paywall\">Now that researchers suspect the demon exists in real metals, some can\u2019t help but wonder whether the motionless motions have any real-world effects. \u201cThey shouldn\u2019t be rare, and they might do things,\u201d Abbamonte said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"paywall\">For instance, sound waves rippling through metallic lattices link electrons in a way that leads to superconductivity, and in 1981, a group of physicists suggested that <a data-offer-url=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prb\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevB.23.3258\" class=\"external-link\" data-event-click=\"{&quot;element&quot;:&quot;ExternalLink&quot;,&quot;outgoingURL&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prb\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevB.23.3258&quot;}\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prb\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevB.23.3258\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">demon vibrations<\/a> could conjure superconductivity in a similar way. Abbamonte\u2019s group originally picked strontium ruthenate for its unorthodox superconductivity. Perhaps the demon could be involved.<\/p>\n<p class=\"paywall\">\u201cWhether or not the demon plays a role is right now unknown,\u201d Kogar said, \u201cbut it\u2019s another particle in the game.\u201d (Physicists often think of waves with certain properties as particles.)<\/p>\n<p class=\"paywall\">But the main novelty of the research lies in spotting the long-anticipated metallic effect. To condensed matter theorists, the finding is a satisfying coda to a 70-year-old story.<\/p>\n<p class=\"paywall\">\u201cIt\u2019s an interesting postscript to the early history of the electron gas,\u201d Coleman said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"paywall\">And to Husain, who finished his degree in 2020 and now works at the company Quantinuum, the research suggests that metals and other materials are teeming with weird vibrations that physicists lack the instrumentation to understand.<\/p>\n<p class=\"paywall\">\u201cThey\u2019re just sitting there,\u201d he said, \u201cwaiting to be discovered.\u201d<\/p>\n<hr class=\"paywall\"\/>\n<p class=\"paywall\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/invisible-electron-demon-discovered-in-odd-superconductor-20231009\/\"><em>Original story<\/em><\/a> <em>reprinted with permission from<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\">Quanta Magazine<\/a>, <em>an editorially independent publication of the<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simonsfoundation.org\"><em>Simons Foundation<\/em><\/a> <em>whose mission is to enhance public understanding of science by covering research developments and trends in mathematics and the physical and life sciences.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A few years ago, the researchers decided to put a superconducting metal called strontium ruthenate in their crosshairs. Its structure is similar to that of a mysterious class of copper-based \u201ccuprate\u201d superconductors, but it can be manufactured in a more pristine way. While the team didn\u2019t learn the secrets of the cuprates, the material responded [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":168,"featured_media":8986,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[703],"tags":[919,918,920,917,916,915,914],"class_list":["post-8985","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technology","tag-atoms","tag-energy","tag-light","tag-materials","tag-materials-science","tag-physics","tag-quanta-magazine"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>An Invisible \u2018Demon\u2019 Lurks in an Odd Superconductor | Unlock Informed Choices with Us<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Physicists have long suspected that hunks of metal could vibrate in a peculiar way that would be all but invisible. 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Now physicists have spotted these \u201cdemon modes.\u201d","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/?p=8985#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/topat10.com\/?p=8985"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en","@id":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/?p=8985#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/quanta-AliHusain-ByMatteoMitrano-2-1396x1720-copy.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/quanta-AliHusain-ByMatteoMitrano-2-1396x1720-copy.jpg","width":1396,"height":1720},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/?p=8985#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"An Invisible \u2018Demon\u2019 Lurks in an Odd 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Wood","author_link":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/?author=168"},"uagb_comment_info":235,"uagb_excerpt":"A few years ago, the researchers decided to put a superconducting metal called strontium ruthenate in their crosshairs. Its structure is similar to that of a mysterious class of copper-based \u201ccuprate\u201d superconductors, but it can be manufactured in a more pristine way. While the team didn\u2019t learn the secrets of the cuprates, the material responded&hellip;","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8985","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/168"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8985"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8985\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8986"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8985"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8985"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8985"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}