{"id":13774,"date":"2024-12-29T13:05:49","date_gmt":"2024-12-29T13:05:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/?p=13774"},"modified":"2024-12-29T13:05:49","modified_gmt":"2024-12-29T13:05:49","slug":"viewers-of-quantum-events-are-also-subject-to-uncertainty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/?p=13774","title":{"rendered":"Viewers of Quantum Events Are Also Subject to Uncertainty"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p class=\"paywall\">It gets better. What if B is also anchored to a quantum object that\u2019s in a superposition of two locations? Then A\u2019s quantum state is now smeared out in two different ways, depending on the possible locations of B. Because determining B\u2019s quantum state determines A\u2019s state, A and B are now entangled.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"AssetEmbedWrapper-eVDQiB byBkf asset-embed\">\n<div class=\"AssetEmbedAssetContainer-eJxoAx dBHGoQ asset-embed__asset-container\"><span class=\"SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB responsive-asset AssetEmbedResponsiveAsset-cXBNxi eCxVQK asset-embed__responsive-asset\"><picture class=\"ResponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa AssetEmbedResponsiveAsset-cXBNxi eCxVQK asset-embed__responsive-asset responsive-image\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Image may contain Photography Head Person Face Body Part Neck Portrait Happy Smile and Adult\" class=\"ResponsiveImageContainer-eybHBd fptoWY responsive-image__image lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\/\/media.wired.com\/photos\/67599789a2d40330597df375\/master\/w_1600%2Cc_limit\/Renato-Renner_crETH-Zurich_Giulia-Marthaler-v2.jpeg\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/media.wired.com\/photos\/67599789a2d40330597df375\/master\/w_120,c_limit\/Renato-Renner_crETH-Zurich_Giulia-Marthaler-v2.jpeg 120w, https:\/\/media.wired.com\/photos\/67599789a2d40330597df375\/master\/w_240,c_limit\/Renato-Renner_crETH-Zurich_Giulia-Marthaler-v2.jpeg 240w, https:\/\/media.wired.com\/photos\/67599789a2d40330597df375\/master\/w_320,c_limit\/Renato-Renner_crETH-Zurich_Giulia-Marthaler-v2.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/media.wired.com\/photos\/67599789a2d40330597df375\/master\/w_640,c_limit\/Renato-Renner_crETH-Zurich_Giulia-Marthaler-v2.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/media.wired.com\/photos\/67599789a2d40330597df375\/master\/w_960,c_limit\/Renato-Renner_crETH-Zurich_Giulia-Marthaler-v2.jpeg 960w, https:\/\/media.wired.com\/photos\/67599789a2d40330597df375\/master\/w_1280,c_limit\/Renato-Renner_crETH-Zurich_Giulia-Marthaler-v2.jpeg 1280w, https:\/\/media.wired.com\/photos\/67599789a2d40330597df375\/master\/w_1600,c_limit\/Renato-Renner_crETH-Zurich_Giulia-Marthaler-v2.jpeg 1600w\" sizes=\"100vw\"\/><\/noscript><\/picture><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"CaptionWrapper-jSZdqE fJvQtP caption AssetEmbedCaption-fNQBPI dDrfgT asset-embed__caption\"><span class=\"BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ CaptionText-bHjzlu iUEiRd kVUvEC iXWezO caption__text\"><\/p>\n<p>Renato Renner, a physicist at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, thinks careful consideration of quantum reference frames will resolve paradoxes in our understanding of the quantum world.<\/p>\n<p><\/span><span class=\"BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ CaptionCredit-ejegDm iUEiRd isTgyB fNaHcW caption__credit\">Credit: Giulia Marthaler<\/span><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p class=\"paywall\">In the above example, two quintessential properties of quantum systems\u2014superposition and entanglement\u2014turn out to depend on the frame of reference. \u201cThe main message is that a lot of the properties that we think are very important, and in a way absolute, are relational\u201d or relative, said <a data-offer-url=\"https:\/\/www.iqoqi-vienna.at\/people\/staff\/anne-catherine-de-la-hamette\" class=\"external-link\" data-event-click=\"{&quot;element&quot;:&quot;ExternalLink&quot;,&quot;outgoingURL&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.iqoqi-vienna.at\/people\/staff\/anne-catherine-de-la-hamette&quot;}\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iqoqi-vienna.at\/people\/staff\/anne-catherine-de-la-hamette\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Anne-Catherine de la Hamette<\/a>, a coauthor of the recent paper.<\/p>\n<p class=\"paywall\">Even the order of events succumbs to the rigors of quantum reference frames. For example, from one reference frame, we might observe the click of a detector happening at a certain time. But from a different reference frame, the click might end up in a superposition of happening before and after some other event. Whether you observe the click as happening at some particular time or as being in a superposition of different orders of events depends on the choice of reference frame.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"paywall\">Stepping Stone to Gravity<\/h2>\n<p class=\"paywall\">Researchers hope to use these shifting quantum perspectives to make sense of the puzzling nature of gravity. Einstein\u2019s general relativity, which is a classical theory of gravity, says that gravity is the warping of the fabric of space-time by a massive object. But how will space-time warp if the object itself is in a superposition of two locations? \u201cThat\u2019s very hard to answer with usual quantum physics and gravity,\u201d said <a data-offer-url=\"https:\/\/www.iqoqi-vienna.at\/people\/staff\/viktoria-sophia-kabel\" class=\"external-link\" data-event-click=\"{&quot;element&quot;:&quot;ExternalLink&quot;,&quot;outgoingURL&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.iqoqi-vienna.at\/people\/staff\/viktoria-sophia-kabel&quot;}\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iqoqi-vienna.at\/people\/staff\/viktoria-sophia-kabel\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Viktoria Kabel<\/a>, a researcher in Brukner\u2019s group and a coauthor of the new paper.<\/p>\n<p class=\"paywall\">Switch to a reference frame whose origin is in a superposition, though, and the massive object can end up in a definite location. It now becomes possible to calculate its gravitational field. \u201cBy finding a convenient quantum reference frame, we can take a problem that we cannot solve [and make it] a problem that we can just use standard known physics for,\u201d Kabel said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"paywall\">Such perspective changes ought to be useful for analyzing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/physicists-find-a-way-to-see-the-grin-of-quantum-gravity-20180306\/\">future experiments<\/a> that aim to put extremely small masses in superpositions. For example, the physicists <a data-offer-url=\"https:\/\/www.wolfson.ox.ac.uk\/person\/chiara-marletto\/\" class=\"external-link\" data-event-click=\"{&quot;element&quot;:&quot;ExternalLink&quot;,&quot;outgoingURL&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.wolfson.ox.ac.uk\/person\/chiara-marletto\/&quot;}\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wolfson.ox.ac.uk\/person\/chiara-marletto\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Chiara Marletto<\/a> and <a data-offer-url=\"https:\/\/www.physics.ox.ac.uk\/our-people\/vedral\" class=\"external-link\" data-event-click=\"{&quot;element&quot;:&quot;ExternalLink&quot;,&quot;outgoingURL&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.physics.ox.ac.uk\/our-people\/vedral&quot;}\" href=\"https:\/\/www.physics.ox.ac.uk\/our-people\/vedral\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Vlatko Vedral<\/a> of the University of Oxford have <a data-offer-url=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prl\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.119.240402\" class=\"external-link\" data-event-click=\"{&quot;element&quot;:&quot;ExternalLink&quot;,&quot;outgoingURL&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prl\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.119.240402&quot;}\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prl\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.119.240402\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">proposed<\/a> putting two masses each in a superposition of two locations and then studying how this affects their gravitational fields. The burgeoning attempts to formally describe quantum reference frames could help make sense of these investigations of the interaction between gravity and quantum theory\u2014an essential stepping stone to a theory of quantum gravity.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It gets better. What if B is also anchored to a quantum object that\u2019s in a superposition of two locations? Then A\u2019s quantum state is now smeared out in two different ways, depending on the possible locations of B. Because determining B\u2019s quantum state determines A\u2019s state, A and B are now entangled. Renato Renner, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":689,"featured_media":13775,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[703],"tags":[915,914,3288,2588,890],"class_list":["post-13774","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technology","tag-physics","tag-quanta-magazine","tag-quantum","tag-quantum-physics","tag-science"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Viewers of Quantum Events Are Also Subject to Uncertainty | Unlock Informed Choices with Us<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The reference frames from which observers view quantum events can themselves have multiple possible locations at once\u2014an insight with potentially major 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Ananthaswamy","author_link":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/?author=689"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"It gets better. What if B is also anchored to a quantum object that\u2019s in a superposition of two locations? Then A\u2019s quantum state is now smeared out in two different ways, depending on the possible locations of B. Because determining B\u2019s quantum state determines A\u2019s state, A and B are now entangled. Renato Renner,&hellip;","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13774","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/689"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13774"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13774\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13775"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13774"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13774"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13774"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}