{"id":11873,"date":"2024-07-14T10:20:47","date_gmt":"2024-07-14T10:20:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/?p=11873"},"modified":"2024-07-14T10:20:47","modified_gmt":"2024-07-14T10:20:47","slug":"did-social-media-really-fuel-the-youth-mental-health-crisis-the-anxious-generation-researcher-calls-the-correlation-irrefutable","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/?p=11873","title":{"rendered":"Did social media really fuel the youth mental health crisis? \u2018The Anxious Generation\u2019 researcher calls the correlation \u2018irrefutable\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n

Still, Haidt\u2019s claim\u2014that Gen Z kids are different from their predecessors in terms of mental health because they\u2019ve grown up on smartphones\u2014as well as his suggestions for dialing it back<\/a>, have prompted much pushback.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Frequent Haidt critic Andrew Przybylski, an Oxford professor, told Platformer<\/a>, \u201cExtraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence. Right now, I\u2019d argue he doesn\u2019t have that.\u201d Chris Ferguson, at Stetson University, attempted to take some wind out of Haidt\u2019s sails by pointing out<\/a> that America\u2019s recent suicide increase is not a phenomenon specific to teens. And Candice Odgers of the University of California Irvine, in her Nature<\/em> journal critique<\/a> of his book, said Haidt is adding to a \u201crising hysteria\u201d around phones and that he is \u201ctelling stories that are unsupported by research.\u201d<\/p>\n

But Haidt and his chief researcher, Zach Rausch, are holding their ground in what Rausch calls \u201ca normal academic debate.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

What they are trying to explain, Rausch tells Fortune<\/em>, is \u201ca very specific change that happened in a very specific time among a specific subset of kids.\u201d Besides, he offers, \u201cI\u2019m totally open to the idea that maybe we\u2019re somewhat wrong about just how much it can explain the change over the last decade. But I certainly think that we are on very strong footing to say that [smartphones and social media] have led to a pretty substantial increase in anxiety and depression and self-harm among young people.\u201d<\/p>\n

Here, Rausch lays out the theories of The Anxious Generation<\/em> and responds to criticisms.<\/p>\n

What is the <\/strong>Anxious Generation<\/em><\/strong> claiming<\/strong>?<\/h2>\n

The core idea of the book is that something changed in the lives of American young people somewhere around 2010 to 2015. \u201cWhat we\u2019re trying to explain in the book is what changed during this period to help explain why Gen Z is so different. And the specific things in which they\u2019re different are often related to their mental health, anxiety, rates of anxiety, depression, self harm, even suicide,\u201d says Rausch.<\/p>\n

He and Haidt point to a slew of findings, including that the percentage of U.S. teens who say they\u2019ve had one \u201cmajor depressive episode\u201d in the past year has increased by more than 150% since 2010, with most happening pre-pandemic. And that, among American girls between 10 and 14, emergency room visits for self-harm grew by 188% during that period, while deaths by suicide increased by 167%; for boys, ER visits for self-harm increased by 48% and suicide by 91%.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe see this in the United States,\u201d Rausch adds. \u201cWe see this across the Anglosphere, the English speaking countries, and well-being and mental health measures in many countries around the world are showing similar declines around the same time. So that\u2019s the big thing that we\u2019re trying to address.\u201d<\/p>\n

What they theorize is that one of the fundamental things that changed in the period in question\u2014specifically among young people and most especially among adolescent girls\u2014is \u201cthe movement of social life onto smartphones and social media, where now they move from spending very little time on platforms like Instagram<\/a>, which came out in 2010, [to] spending upwards of four, five hours a day on these platforms by 2015.\u201d<\/p>\n

It\u2019s changed the way kids relate to each other, as well as to family and strangers. \u201cThat\u2019s what we mean by the rewiring of childhood,\u201d says Rausch. \u201cIt is a rewiring of the way that we interact. It\u2019s our social ecosystem and how that really changed, and that it makes it very different from other technologies. Television didn\u2019t rewire our relationships with everybody.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

Debate has swirled around three questions<\/strong><\/h2>\n

First, Rausch says, skeptics ask: Is there a mental health crisis, and to what extent does it exist? Second: Is it international or is it just happening in the United States? And third: If you agree there is a mental health crisis, what is the role of social media?\u00a0<\/p>\n

But even if you disagree that there is such a crisis, Rausch notes, \u201csocial media could still not be safe for kids, right? This is something that I feel like gets missed, like with the Surgeon General report<\/a>, where the focus is all about, \u2018Can it explain this huge rise?\u2019 But there are all sorts of consumer products for kids that kill 50 kids a year that we immediately take off the market.\u201d<\/p>\n

Sticking points: Moral panic, lack of evidence<\/strong><\/h2>\n

One consistent argument against the book, Rausch says, is that \u201cthere are a number of people who have studied media effects for a while and are very attuned to past panics around technologies, whether that be video games or comic books, and there is a justified skepticism and worry that maybe this is happening again.\u201d<\/p>\n

In response, he stresses, they try to make the case that, simply, \u201cThis is this<\/em> time. It really is different.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

The second detail they get called out on involves the evidence that Raush and Haidt point to, by collecting every study they could find, all of which they\u2019ve collected in public Google Documents<\/a>. That amounts to \u201chundreds and hundreds \u2026 a lot of them low-quality, some better quality,\u201d says Rausch. Some critics point to the studies showing correlation rather than causation between, for example, social media and mental health issues.\u00a0<\/p>\n

But doing actual experiments on young people that might show cause is tricky, he explains. \u201cOne, social media is relatively new, especially in the kind that we\u2019re talking about, which is constantly evolving every year.\u201d Plus, \u201cYou don\u2019t do experiments, generally, on kids. And to do the kind of experiment that maybe you would want to do to really test this out is completely unethical and would never happen\u2014assigning a group of kids to have one kind of childhood and another group to have another.\u201d<\/p>\n

It\u2019s why arriving at a very precise, conclusive scientific claim is difficult. \u201cAnd this is kind of the nature of social science,\u201d he says, \u201cand why there is so much debate.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

To bolster their arguments, Rausch and Haidt try to draw on various lines of evidence, including firsthand accounts\u00a0 from Gen Z, parents, and teachers\u2014as well as internal documents from social media companies themselves, such as Instagram\u2019s documentation<\/a> of teen girls reporting that using the platform makes their body image and mental health worse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

The researchers have also zeroed in on their belief that social media, especially with heavy use, has \u201caddictive-like qualities,\u201d and will, in turn, cause withdrawal when stopped.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cA large part of the story is that we\u2019re trying to tell about what happens when an entire group of people move their lives onto addictive-like platforms,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n

Other reasons for pushback<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u201cThere are camps of people that are very techno-optimist\u2014you have a lot of faith that technology, and believe that more technology will solve the world\u2019s problems,\u201d Rausch says. And for those who strongly feel that way, Anxious Generation<\/em>\u2019s findings might prompt a feeling that \u201cit\u2019s just a little bump in the road. Things are going to get better as we make more technology to solve problems that technology creates, and we\u2019ll kind of keep going in that direction.\u201d<\/p>\n

There\u2019s also the \u201cvery real concern\u201d of government control of social media, which Rausch calls \u201cmore of a libertarian critique.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

Finally, he says, there\u2019s the worry that these issues are getting too much attention as compared with just-as-important subjects of other researchers\u2014from poverty to the opioid epidemic.\u00a0<\/p>\n

But all arguments aside, he says, much of what Anxious Generation<\/em> has focused on is \u201cirrefutable.\u201d That includes not only the correlation between heavier social media use and anxiety or depression<\/a>, but the \u201clarge portion of harm that happens on these platforms,\u201d including the rise in sextortion<\/a> cases, or teens being coerced into sending explicit photos online.<\/p>\n

And what always reassures Rausch that they\u2019re on the right track is talking to a teen, parent, or teacher. \u201cWhenever I have doubt,\u201d he says, \u201cI go to the source.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Still, Haidt\u2019s claim\u2014that Gen Z kids are different from their predecessors in terms of mental health because they\u2019ve grown up on smartphones\u2014as well as his suggestions for dialing it back, have prompted much pushback.\u00a0 Frequent Haidt critic Andrew Przybylski, an Oxford professor, told Platformer, \u201cExtraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence. Right now, I\u2019d argue he doesn\u2019t […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":517,"featured_media":11874,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[123],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11873","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business"],"yoast_head":"\nDid social media really fuel the youth mental health crisis? \u2018The Anxious Generation\u2019 researcher calls the correlation \u2018irrefutable\u2019 | Unlock Informed Choices with Us<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"He calls it all part of a "normal academic debate."\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/topat10.com\/?p=11873\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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Greenfield","author_link":"https:\/\/topat10.com\/?author=517"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Still, Haidt\u2019s claim\u2014that Gen Z kids are different from their predecessors in terms of mental health because they\u2019ve grown up on smartphones\u2014as well as his suggestions for dialing it back, have prompted much pushback.\u00a0 Frequent Haidt critic Andrew Przybylski, an Oxford professor, told Platformer, \u201cExtraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence. 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